Over the same period, the life expectancy gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and the rest of the Australian population reduced by 0.8 years for men and 0.1 years for women.

Until then, I had hoped as a solicitor and a Torres Strait Islander that the law in Queensland could indeed recognise our child rearing practices. [12] Australian Bureau of Statistics, above. Up to the time of the Referendum, numbers were fairly static, varying between 80,000 and 100,000. However, a 2005 survey found that only 145 Indigenous languages are still spoken to some degree and less than 20 are considered to be “strong” and able to be spoken by all generations. Data collected from this question allowed persons with more than 50% Aboriginal ‘blood’ to be excluded … In 2011, more than one in three Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were under 15 years (36 per cent), compared with one-fifth of non-Indigenous Australians. Since the Referendum the race question has been rephrased in terms of ‘origin’, first as ‘racial origin’ for the two censuses immediately following the Referendum, but subsequently the words ‘race’ or ‘racial’ have not been used at all. 35 per cent assessed their health as fair or poor and 39 per cent experienced high or very high levels of psychological distress. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples hold distinctive rights as Australia’s First Peoples, set out in international law. [8] Australian Bureau of Statistics, 3303.0-Causes of Death, Australia, 2011 (March 2013). Censuses immediately following the Referendum saw the start of a period of substantial increases in the number of enumerated Indigenous Australians. In 2008, 8 per cent (26,900) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years and over stated that they had been removed from their natural family. Traditional or customary law in no way substitutes for Australian law but it can coexist and guide a community on how to behave according to traditional beliefs and practices.
[10] Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), Preventing violence against women in Australia: Research summary, (2011) p 5.

[6] Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2076.0-Census of Population and Housing: Characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011 (November 2012). And in 2009, Australia gave its formal support to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples , a ground-breaking document that seeks to reset relationships between indigenous peoples and governments around the globe. The Torres Strait Islander flag was created as a symbol of unity and identity for Torres Strait Islander people. No other content in this article was affected. Today, every Australian is answerable to Australia’s laws. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples hold distinctive rights as Australia’s First Peoples, set out in international law. THE ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER POPULATION OF AUSTRALIA - CENSUS COUNTS, CONCEPTS AND QUESTIONS IN THE 20th CENTURY From the time of Federation until the 1967 Constitutional Referendum a question on people’s race was asked in all Australian censuses.

Face the facts: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Copyright © Australian Human Rights Commission, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, Close the Gap: Campaign for Indigenous Health Equality, Social Justice and Native Title Report 2014, Close the Gap: Progress and Priorities Report 2014, Bringing Them Home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families, Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicator Reports, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 3238.0.55.001-Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2011, CAEPR Indigenous Population Project, 2011 Census Papers - Paper 14, Population Projections, 2075.0-Census of Population and Housing: Counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011, 2076.0-Census of Population and Housing: Characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2011, 3302.0.55.003-Life Tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, Closing the Gap, Prime Minister’s Report 2014, Preventing violence against women in Australia: Research summary, 4704.0-The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Disability and Social Inclusion), October 2010, 4704.0-The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Social and emotional wellbeing), 4512.0-Corrective Services, Australia, December quarter 2013, 4727.0.55.001-Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey: First Results, Australia, 2012-13, New 2011 Census data reveals more about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, National Heritage Assessment: The Dampier Archipelago (including the Burrup Peninsula). e de The Conversation. In 2011, 53.9 per cent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged between 20 and 24 years had attained a Year 12 or equivalent qualification, up from 47.4 per cent in 2006. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities have complex codes of conduct to guide people’s behaviour.

The main reason behind disruption of traditional authority is influence of mass media. The national imprisonment rate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults is 15 times higher than that for non-Indigenous adults. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner keeps the human rights issues facing Australia’s First Peoples before the Australian Parliament by preparing an annual Social Justice Report and Native Title Report. Instead, a question has been used which asks specifically whether a person is ‘...of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin’. [14] Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4512.0-Corrective Services, Australia, December quarter 2013 (March 2014). [22] Australian Heritage Council, National Heritage Assessment: The Dampier Archipelago (including the Burrup Peninsula) (2006). The case determined that neither Aboriginal nor Torres Strait Islander ‘traditional adoption’ or ‘customary adoption’ was capable of being recognised by the law in Queensland. [18] Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, Australian Government, note 9, p 11. Almost 4 per cent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were aged 65 years and over, compared with 14 per cent of non-Indigenous Australians. [7] Australian Bureau of Statistics, 3302.0.55.003-Life Tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (November 2013), p 8.

[2] Australian National University, CAEPR Indigenous Population Project, 2011 Census Papers - Paper 14, Population Projections (2011), p 4.

However, despite some improvements in recent years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people continue to be one of the most vulnerable groups in Australia. [17] Australian Bureau of Statistics, note 7, p 51. [1] Australian Bureau of Statistics, 3238.0.55.001-Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2011 (August 2013). In 2010-12, the average life expectancy of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was approximately ten years (10.6 years for men and 9.5 years for women) less than that of non-Indigenous Australians.

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In 2011, 11 per cent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people spoke an Indigenous language at home.

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