He saw, as he stated in a later lecture, “multitudes of penguins and sea elephants.”, The multitudes, right then, were way out of reach. In the early 1870s, he was sending his 17-ton schooner Nancy on 290­ mile sealing voyages to the Auckland Islands, but she was too small for the southern ocean, and in 1873 Hatch bought the 45-ton Awarua. That they came so far, endured so much, only to face death by rifleshot or club at the hands of a bunch of shaggy New Zealanders, offended him. His meetings were great entertainment, but perhaps the crowds were also drawn by the hyp­notic purity of his vision, and by the glimpses he gave in speech and magic lantern slides of an emblematic island that gradually became such a master­piece of horror. In August 1917, a team of nine oilers arrived on Mac­quarie, along with a new boiler, and two horses for haulage. The beach was a sea of black and white, with thousands of penguins taking up almost every inch of sand – the rest was occupied by Southern Elephant Seals. That hullabaloo cost Hatch his political career. Photographed by Tui de Roy, Keith Springer and Australian Antarctic Division. Hatch set up his sealing gangs on Macquarie Island in 1886.

He may have been preceded by Polynesians or other earlier visitors — he recorded seeing a wreck “of ancient design” on the island. [online] Available at: https://www.parks.tas.gov.au/fahan_mi_shipwrecks/journals/Sealers/sshatch9.pdf, [2] Otago Daily Times Online News. The island is also a great ark of strange life. The Ross Sea party of Shackleton's Trans-Antarctic Expedition on Aurora visited the island in 1915, and Mawson returned aboard Discovery in 1930 with the British, Australian and New Zealand Research Expedition.

Macquarie is a bleak island 750 miles south of Bluff across a stormy southern ocean. After the king penguin colony at Lusitania Bay was devastated by this activity, attention turned to the royal penguins at The Nuggets.

That same year Hatch was nego­tiating a 7-year oiling lease with the Tasmanian Minister of Lands. London was paying 21 shillings per seal skin, an attractive price. Once back in Wellington therefore, Martin Chapman petitioned Parliament to stop Hatch. Hence, the IUCN considers Royal Penguins to be Near Threatened despite having a stable population. Australia’s most celebrated photographer, Frank Hurley had gone to the Antarctic with Mawson, sledged with Shackleton on his epic dash for Elephant Island, then reached the rank of captain as an offi­cial photographer with the Australian Imperial Forces in the 1914-18 world war. In November and December the fattest Kings—mostly 30 lb one-year-olds that outweighed their parents—came in from the sea at Lusitania, were driven into yards, clubbed, cleaned, and packed onto the racks of two digestors. He denied any plan to poach seals. Hatch opened a pharmacy in Invercargill, helped found the town’s chamber of com­merce, drilled the town’s new fire bri­gade, served as Riverton’s postmaster from 1865-69, then on Invercargill’s athenaeum and liquor licensing committees. Poor penguin, but poorer we!” And he followed up with a story in The Spectator’s 26 April edition, that demanded controls—”Otherwise the penguins will call us Huns, and we shall deserve every bit of it.”. Penguin oil. It was bound for the big King penguin rookery at Macquarie’s Lusitania Bay.

The work became more spo­radic and on 22 November 1901, when the Discovery hove to off Lusitania Bay and Captain Robert Falcon Scott and his polar explorers piled ashore, there were no oilers on the island. The Awarua left port on July 5, and the old salts at Bluff winked and nodded about Tasmania. The Macquarie Island expedition also established the first radio link between Australia and Antarctica by setting up a radio relay station on Wireless Hill that could communicate with both Mawson's main expedition group at Commonwealth Bay, and Australia. Discovery of the island is attributed to Captain Frederick Hasselborough of the brig Perseverance who sighted it on 11 July 1810 during a sealing voyage out of Sydney. On September 24, 1,200 peo­ple crowded into Sloan’s Theatre, Invercargill, to hear Hatch’s explana­tion. For this, blame perhaps the pen­guins. [online] Available at: https://www.odt.co.nz/opinion/100-years-ago/penguin-oil-factory-fails-make- A gale snapped two of the schooner’s anchor chains and blew her straight onto the North End beaches. It called for urgent protection of Mac­quarie wildlife. During the war Hurley had caused an uneasy stir by his habit of merging two negatives so that fallen soldiers at Passchendaele, as one example, might be bathed in radiant light. In 1878, the Dunedin firm Elder and Co pioneered the sea elephant oiling industry on Macquarie. Within 15 hours of the Kakanui’s departure the wind reached such a pitch that Mellish saw stones spiralling into the air around his hut. The Royals were only half the weight of the Kings, but the vast numbers, and the birds’ breeding pat­tern, took the oiling season through to March. This page requires an NZGeo.com account. During this period a dispute between the colonies of Tasmania and New Zealand about sovereignty over the island was resolved in Tasmania’s favour. 1911 – 1948 Establishment of Scientific Outposts. Cherry was then still writing his great chronicle of Scott’s last expedition The Worst journey in the World, but had great credibility as the assistant zoologist who’d sledged in mid-winter dark­ness to the Emperor penguin colony at Cape Crozier in 1911, risking his life to bring back for British science a penguin’s egg. An exasperated Hatch argued that he was due to despatch the Gratitude within two weeks anyway, and that the matter was payback from a dismissed servant who knew if any Government ship took his men, and not the oil, he’d have no-one to load it. They look very similar to, and are closely related to the ice-dwelling Emperor penguin of Antarctica. It has been operating continuously ever since. On his return to London in 1904, Wilson was a celebrity. The island was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1933 and, with the establishment of the Tasmanian National Parks and Wildlife Service in 1971, Macquarie Island became a conservation area.

By the end of the 1914-18 world war, penguins had gained a place in the world’s affection. Blame people’s lies about pen­guins. Violet and Jack then discovered he’d willed the Montpelier Retreat property to his daughter Ivy, forbidding her ever to sell it. The majority of digester sites targeted Royal Penguins, however, at Lusitania Bay the main target was King Penguins. The two boilers were never cold, and the gangs shovelled another 500 birds daily into the fireboxes, to supple­ment the coal. But as to any instruction to go sealing in New Zealand’s closed fisheries—absolutely not. Figures quoted by Hatch for one of his Macquarie oiling seasons show an outlay of £2,730, and a return of £3,950—a 44 per cent profit before insurance payments. The Subantarctic Islands are an incredibly special place, of which less than 1,000 people annually are allowed to visit, by permit only. Digesters worked essentially like oversized pressure cookers – extracting fats from the penguin’s body, including from within the bones, in a high pressure, hot steam environment. Mawson was a scientist to the bone. Hatch’s son Jack paid off the debtor, and in doing so took ownership of the Montpelier Retreat oiling headquar­ters.

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