100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW The Dreyfus Affair ( French: L'affaire Dreyfus ), also known as Dreyfus Court-Martial, is an … In 1894 Alfred Dreyfus, a highly placed Jewish army officer, was falsely accused of treason. A mob that had gathered at the ceremony, incited by the antisemitic press and the writings of Edouard Drumont in La Libre Parole, accompanied the public degradation with calls against Dreyfus and Jews. Third Republic 1892-1906 - The Dreyfus Affair. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. a profound impact on French politics. After receiving specialized artillery training, he was promoted to Lieutenant in the French military in 1885. He was promoted to Captain in 1889, later becoming the only Jew serving in the French Army's General Staff headquarters in 1893. Further, unverified and false testimonies against Dreyfus were presented at the secret trial. Public opinion began to shift in favor of Dreyfus. The republican parties in the Chamber of Deputies recognized that the increasingly vocal nationalist right posed a threat to the parliamentary regime. New York: G. Braziller, 1986. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In response to continuing disorders and demonstrations, a cabinet headed by the Radical René Waldeck-Rousseau was set up in June 1899 with the express purpose of defending the republic and with the hope of settling the judicial side of the Dreyfus case as soon as possible. Dreyfus was exiled to a penal colony on Devil's Island, part of an archipelago off the coast of French Guiana in South America. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The 1890s also saw the Third Republic’s greatest political and moral crisis—the Dreyfus Affair. Hyman, Paula, From Dreyfus to Vichy: The Remaking of French Jewry. Alfred Dreyfus was born in Mulhouse, Alsace, on October 9, 1859. During the race for the World Series, Randy Drefyus - the handsome, married, spectacularly talented shortstop for the Los Angeles Valley Vikings - discovers he's fallen in love with the team's second baseman. In 1894 Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a career army officer of Jewish origin, was charged with selling military secrets to the Germans. The Dreyfus Affair - IMDb. It revealed the tensions that existed in France following defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, divided the country between Left and Right, reflected the continuing power of antisemitism in the homeland of liberty and the Revolution, and challenged the very notion of France's identity as a Catholic nation The trial and ensuing events are referred to as the “Dreyfus Affair.”. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Newspaper depiction of Émile Zola in court during his trial for defamation of the French military, 1898. He was tried and convicted by a court-martial and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil’s Island off the South American coast. On September 20, 1899, Dreyfus was set free, remarking, “The government of the Republic has given me back my freedom. It is nothing for me without my honor.”. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Birnbaum, Pierre. The Dreyfus affair continues to live on as an example of the plight of the Jews and as a justification for the Jewish people’s need of their own homeland. In July 1906 a civilian court of appeals (the Cour d’Appel) set aside the judgment of the Rennes court and rehabilitated Dreyfus. In 1894 Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a career army officer of Jewish origin, was charged with selling military secrets to the Germans. DREYFUS AFFAIR. This was an act of treason. His final vindication (in 1906) was hampered by the French military and the bitterly anti-Semitic French press, and the wrenching controversy over…. At a public ceremony on January 5, 1895, Dreyfus was dishonorably discharged and demoted. The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal which took place between 1894 and 1906. The Dreyfus Affair became an international scandal after the publication of Émile Zola’s open letter “J’Accuse”, prompting thousands of readers the world over … The Dreyfus Affair in French Society and Politics. Dreyfus was an Alsatian Jew who went to the Wrong School: L'Ecole Polytechnique -- which nowadays, of … He was readmitted into the army with a promotion to the rank of Major. We meet him with that family as he opens a strip mall named for him near his suburban California home. The Dreyfus Affair would eventually contribute to the formal separation of Church and State in France in 1905. Lieutenant Colonel Georges Picquart, who had become the new head of French Intelligence Services, was never convinced of Dreyfus' guilt. Norman Dreyfus suffered from the debilitating physical effects of a mortar explosion at the Battle of the Bulge in World War II, requiring the use of crutches, canes, and special footwear provided by the Army for the rest of his life. With Dreyfus languishing in captivity, his family continued to challenge the verdict and claim that he was innocent. The court-martial of Alfred Dreyfus, illustration from. The Affair is an example of the growing antisemitism across Europe in the modern period. Many of the Dreyfusards could not understand this, or did not wish to understand this. View the list of all donors. The controversy centred on the question of the guilt or innocence of army captain Alfred Dreyfus, who had been convicted of treason for allegedly selling military secrets to the Germans in December 1894. Catholic, and usually graduates of St. Cyr. 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