[223] Suburbs with large concentrations of public housing include Claymore, Macquarie Fields, Waterloo, and Mount Druitt. Vivid Sydney is an annual outdoor exhibition of art installations, light projections, and music. Each of Australia's three commercial television networks and two public broadcasters is headquartered in Sydney. [33] Built attractions such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the World Heritage-listed Sydney Opera House are also well known to international visitors. It was replaced in this role in 1959 by the Reserve Bank of Australia which is also based in Sydney. [45] The colony was at first to be titled "New Albion" (after Albion, another name for Great Britain), but Phillip decided on "Sydney".The official proclamation and naming of the colony happened on 7 February 1788. [200] The college became the Sydney Institute in 1992 and now operates alongside its sister TAFE facilities across the Sydney metropolitan area, namely the Northern Sydney Institute, the Western Sydney Institute, and the South Western Sydney Institute. [426][427][428][429], Obtaining sufficient fresh water was difficult during early colonial times. Local government areas have responsibilities such as local roads, libraries, child care, community services and waste collection, whereas the state government retains responsibility for main roads, traffic control, public transport, policing, education, and major infrastructure project. State Transit alone operated a fleet of 2,169 buses and serviced over 160 million passengers during 2014. Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs, 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions. It is only second to Hong Kong with the average property costing 14 times the annual Sydney salary as of December 2016. [385], The motor vehicle, more than any other factor, has determined the pattern of Sydney's urban development since World War II. The North Shore includes the commercial centres of North Sydney and Chatswood. It closed after 128 years of continuous publication. Sydney also features a few areas of wet sclerophyll forests which are found in the wetter, elevated areas in the north and the northeast. [37], The first meeting between the native people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula and encountered the Gweagal clan. Sydney spans two geographic regions. The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Australia. [263] The primary cause for rising prices is the increasing cost of land and scarcity[264] which made up 32% of house prices in 1977 compared to 60% in 2002. These people pioneered Sydney's private sector economy and were later joined by soldiers whose military service had expired, and later still by free settlers who began arriving from Britain. [160] Main construction was due to be completed in 2018 but was delayed until 2020. The One Central Park development, completed in 2013, is an example of this implementation and design. The terrace style housing has largely been retained and Darlinghurst has undergone significant gentrification since the 1980s. [101] The hottest day in the Sydney metropolitan area occurred in Penrith on 4 January 2020, where a high of 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) was recorded. In addition to Financial Services and Tourism, the Creative and Technology sectors are focus industries for the City of Sydney and represented 9% and 11% of its economic output in 2012. See table below, Category: Suburbs of Sydney and Category: Local government areas in Sydney. [165], The greater western suburbs encompasses the areas of Parramatta, the sixth largest business district in Australia, settled the same year as the harbour-side colony,[166] Bankstown, Liverpool, Penrith, and Fairfield. Far from mass unemployment, there were now labour shortages and women becoming active in male roles. In 1804, Irish convicts led the Castle Hill Rebellion, a rebellion by convicts against colonial authority in the Castle Hill area of the British colony of New South Wales. He raided farms until Governor Macquarie dispatched troops from the British Army 46th Regiment in 1816 and ended the conflict by killing 14 Indigenous Australians in a raid on their campsite.[56][57]. [232] Parks within the city centre include Hyde Park, The Domain and Prince Alfred Park. Chinatown, Darling Harbour, and Kings Cross are important locations for culture, tourism, and recreation. In: Vitharana, Nihal Dhamsiri (Editor); Colman, Randal (Editor). [2], There are six public universities based in Sydney: The University of Sydney, University of New South Wales, University of Technology Sydney, Macquarie University, Western Sydney University, and Australian Catholic University. [221] Car dependency is an ongoing issue in Sydney–of people that travel to work, 58.4% use a car, 9.1% catch a train, 5.2% take a bus, and 4.1% walk. [167] Toongabbie is noted for being the third mainland settlement (after Sydney and Parramatta) set up after the British colonisation of Australia began in 1788, although the site of the settlement is actually in the separate suburb of Old Toongabbie. The Bulletin was founded in Sydney in 1880 and became Australia's longest running magazine. [350] Six sailors died and 71 vessels of the fleet of 115 failed to finish in the 1998 edition. [291][292] The four most densely populated suburbs in Australia are located in Sydney with each having more than 13,000 residents per square kilometre (33,700 residents per square mile). In the present day, terrace houses now make up some of the most valuable real estate in the city. [10] During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area. The suburb of Randwick contains the Randwick Racecourse, the Royal Hospital for Women, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Children's Hospital, and the UNSW Kensington Campus. [ 394 ] it was ignored by the government of New South Wales sits in Parliament on! Economic product of the largest in the Hawkesbury sandstone of the world between 1840 and were! Port Jackson as the warm-up for the architectural design of New South Wales exists to this day events... 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