Code line 11: Printing the value of outer block variable 'var1'. An implicitly declared record. An EXIT, GOTO, or RAISE statement branches out of the loop. See "SELECT INTO Statement". You cannot refer to its fields outside the loop. If that value is not greater than the value of upper_bound, the sequence of statements in the loop is executed, then the index is incremented. The range is evaluated when the FOR loop is first entered and is never re-evaluated. If the expression returns TRUE, the sequence of statements is executed, then control resumes at the top of the loop. Before each iteration of the loop, the expression is evaluated. Optionally, label_name(notenclosed in angle brackets) can also appear at the end of the loop. Labeling a PL/SQL Loop. This process repeats until the value of the index is greater than the value of upper_bound. Using labels with loops. The syntax to ALIAS A TABLE in Oracle/PLSQL is: table_name alias_name Parameters or Arguments column_name The original name of the column that you wish to alias. The label_name is the name of a label that identifies the target statement. You can use the EXIT WHEN statement to exit any loop prematurely. Internally, PL/SQL assigns the values of the bounds to temporary PLS_INTEGER variables, and, if necessary, rounds the values to the nearest integer. label_name must be enclosed by double angle brackets and must appear at the beginning of the loop. For loop. <> The Goto statement can traverse both forward and reverse in the code. See "SELECT INTO Statement". See Example 4-15, "Using a Label for Referencing Variables Outside a Loop". (For the syntax of cursor_parameter_declaration, see "Cursors".) Since the inner block is having the variable with the same name, we need to refer to outer block label. Because select_statement is not an independent statement, the implicit cursor SQL does not apply to it. Example, FOR rec IN 1..5 LOOP counter := rec * 2; END LOOP; This FOR LOOP example will loop 5 times. Note that associative arrays were known as PL/SQL tables in Oracle 7, and index-by tables in Oracle 8 and 8i. The implicit declaration of record_name overrides any other declaration outside the loop. For the syntax of boolean_expression, see "Expressions". A raised exception also ends the loop. The cursor is also closed automatically if an exception is raised inside the loop. The following cursor FOR loop calculates a bonus, then inserts the result into a database table: Cursors, EXIT Statement, FETCH Statement, OPEN Statement, %ROWTYPE Attribute, "Controlling Loop Iterations: LOOP and EXIT Statements", Description of the illustration basic_loop_statement.gif. PL/SQL loops can be labeled. If the Boolean expression in the WHEN clause returns TRUE, the loop is exited immediately. At that point, the loop completes. It encloses a sequence of statements between the keywords LOOP and END LOOP. table_name The original name of the table that you wish to alias. The loop can be made to work in the reverse order by adding the keyword 'REVERSE' before lower_limit. Syntax WHILE logical_condition LOOP -- some PL/SQL code END LOOP; Oracle WHILE LOOP Examples 1. GOTO label_name; Label Declaration (We introduced labels in Chapter 3.) See Example 4-16, "Using Labels on Loops for Referencing". 3
LOOPS
Control structures are those constructs that alter the flow of program execution.
Loop is one such control structure. A cursor parameter can appear in a query wherever a constant can appear. Use for all loop to loop through the PL/SQL table : Associative Arrays « Collections « Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial. You could rewrite the above example as follows: Ending the loop with the label name is optional. After the FOR LOOP statement executes, the index becomes undefined.. If the value of the index is still not less than the value of lower_bound, the sequence of statements is executed again. The loop body is executed once for each integer in the range defined by lower_bound..upper_bound. An explicit cursor previously declared within the current scope. You may use the label in the EXIT statement to exit from the loop. The formal parameters of a cursor must be IN parameters. Its scope is the loop itself; you cannot reference the index outside the loop. You can add a WHEN to check for some condition. An expression that returns the Boolean value TRUE, FALSE, or NULL. When you exit a cursor FOR loop, the cursor is closed automatically even if you use an EXIT or GOTO statement to exit the loop prematurely. At that point, the loop completes. An optional undeclared identifier that labels a loop. The range is evaluated when the FOR loop is first entered and is never re-evaluated. You cannot reference the index of a FOR loop from a nested FOR loop if both indexes have the same name, unless the outer loop is labeled by label_name and you use dot notation: The following example compares two loop indexes that have the same name, one used by an enclosing loop, the other by a nested loop: Expressions that return numbers. The record is defined only inside the loop. LOOP statements execute a sequence of statements multiple times. The LOOP and END LOOP keywords enclose the statements. If the expression returns TRUE, the current loop (or the loop labeled by label_name) is exited immediately. Loop label plsql example program code : The pl sql loop can be labeled by loop labels. The range is part of an iteration scheme, which is enclosed by the keywords FOR and LOOP. The following are the syntax and examples for REVERSE FOR LOOP. label_namemust be enclosed by double angle brackets and must appear at the beginning of the loop. Loop Labels You can give a name to a loop by using a label. A variable declared as the formal parameter of a cursor. Another important point to note is that TABLE_FROM_BLOCK implicitly loops through the block, so POST-QUERY is executed for each record. Pl sql goto statement: The pl sql goto statement provides an unconditional jump from the GOTO to a labeled statement in the same subprogram. DECLARE i number(1); j number(1); BEGIN > FOR i IN 1..5 LOOP > FOR j IN 1..5 LOOP It encloses a sequence of statements between the keywords LOOP and END LOOP. Fields in the record store column values from the implicitly fetched row. CPP; JSF; JDBC; JPA; WordPress Tutorial; Maven; Ant; JAR; WAR; goto plsql . After each iteration, the loop index is incremented. In the following example, WHILE LOOP will execute the statements until the value of n_num variable is less than or equal to 10. it will print the table of 2 by incrementing the value of n_num variable with 1 for each iteration of the loop. Declaring an associative array is a two-step process. Numeric FOR_LOOP loops iterate over a specified range of integers. Oracle; PostgreSQL; PouchDB; MongoDB; SQLite; PL/SQL; DBMS Tutorial; C; Q&A; Quiz; More. Use Alter Package statement to compile invalid package body in Oracle 11g. The variable used as the counter for the FOR loop does not need to be declared in the declaration section of the code.-- incrementing FOR IN .. LOOP END LOOP;-- … The counter called rec will start at 1 and end at 5. The Goto statement must be followed by the label name (without the angle braces) and the label name used by the Goto statement must be enclosed by two angle braces as like below. An undeclared identifier that names the loop index (sometimes called a loop counter). Inside a loop, the index is treated like a constant: it can appear in expressions, but cannot be assigned a value. In Oracle PL/SQL, FOR LOOP with REVERSE clause is used to repeat loop iteration in reverse order. You can use label_name in an EXIT statement to exit the loop labelled by label_name. After each iteration, the loop index is incremented. If that value is not greater than the value of upper_bound, the sequence of statements in the loop is executed, then the index is incremented. If you use the keyword REVERSE, iteration proceeds downward from the upper bound to the lower bound. A query associated with an internal cursor unavailable to you. Optionally, label_name (not enclosed in angle brackets) can also appear at the end of the loop. This process repeats until the value of the index is less than the value of lower_bound. You can use label_namein an EXITstatement to exit the loop labelled by label_name. If the value of the index is still not greater than the value of upper_bound, the sequence of statements is executed again. You cannot refer to another record with the same name inside the loop unless you qualify the reference using a block label. The label should be enclosed by double angle brackets (<< and >>) and appear at the beginning of the LOOP statement. If that value is not less than the value of lower_bound, the sequence of statements in the loop is executed, then the index is decremented. Fields in the record store column values from the implicitly fetched row. PL/SQL automatically declares, opens, fetches from, and closes the internal cursor. 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