Optionally, label_name (not enclosed in angle brackets) can also appear at the end of the loop. It is evaluated with each iteration of the loop. Its scope is the loop itself; you cannot reference the index outside the loop. You cannot refer to another record with the same name inside the loop unless you qualify the reference using a block label. GOTO label_name; Label Declaration The WHILE-LOOP statement associates a Boolean expression with a sequence of statements enclosed by the keywords LOOP and END LOOP. The fields have the same names and datatypes as their corresponding columns. Previous Next Related. DECLARE i number(1); j number(1); BEGIN > FOR i IN 1..5 LOOP > FOR j IN 1..5 LOOP Labeling a PL/SQL Loop. If the expression returns TRUE, the sequence of statements is executed, then control resumes at the top of the loop. The LOOP and END LOOP keywords enclose the statements. Because select_statement is not an independent statement, the implicit cursor SQL does not apply to it. Reverse FOR Loop. The label name is enclosed in double angle brackets ( <<>>). Description of the illustration cursor_for_loop_statement.gif. Its syntax is like that of select_into_statement without the INTO clause. When REVERSE keyword is used, FOR loop iterates from final value to initial value. To refer to another variable with the same name, use a label. An optional undeclared identifier that labels a loop. label is not compulsory for execute loop. It's benefit to improve readability. A raised exception also ends the loop. The lower bound need not be 1, as the example below shows. With each iteration, the sequence of statements is executed, then control resumes at the top of the loop. PL/SQL loop statements 3 different forms: Basic LOOP; WHILE LOOP; FOR LOOP; Oracle recommended to write a label when use loop statement. In Oracle PL/SQL, FOR LOOP with REVERSE clause is used to repeat loop iteration in reverse order. For usage information, see "Controlling Loop Iterations: LOOP and EXIT Statements". You could rewrite the above example as follows: Internally, PL/SQL assigns the values of the bounds to temporary PLS_INTEGER variables, and, if necessary, rounds the values to the nearest integer. You can exit not only the current loop, but any enclosing loop. At that point, the loop completes. The record has the same structure as a row retrieved by cursor_name or select_statement. The syntax for the GOTO statement in Oracle/PLSQL consists of two parts - the GOTO statement and the Label Declaration: GOTO statement. See "SELECT INTO Statement". An optional undeclared identifier that labels a loop. Fields in the record store column values from the implicitly fetched row. The range is evaluated when the FOR loop is first entered and is never re-evaluated. You cannot refer to its fields outside the loop. The formal parameters of a cursor must be IN parameters. The cursor is also closed automatically if an exception is raised inside the loop. If the expression returns TRUE, the current loop (or the loop labeled by label_name) is exited immediately. Their names were changed to associative arrays in Oracle 9i release 1. In the program, you surround the label name with double enclosing angle brackets as shown below: <>; Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql) When PL/SQL encounters a GOTO statement, it transfers control to the first executable statement after the label. (Otherwise, PL/SQL raises the predefined exception VALUE_ERROR.) <> LOOP statements; END LOOP loop_label; Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql) This structure is the most basic of all the loop constructs including FOR LOOP and WHILE LOOP. An implicitly declared record. The expressions are evaluated only when the loop is first entered. Ending the loop with the label name is optional. GOTO label_name; where label_name is the name of a label identifying the target statement. At that point, the loop completes. FOR loop_counter IN [REVERSE] lowest_number.. highest_numer. The double-angle brackets are label delimiters, and l_For_Loop is the label name. For usage information, see "Controlling Loop Iterations: LOOP and EXIT Statements". The record is defined only inside the loop. Loop 10 Times and Print The Table. compiler does not check to label defined or not. However, the syntax is same except for an addition of REVERSE keyword. SQL> SQL> -- Using labels with loops. You cannot refer to another record with the same name inside the loop unless you qualify the reference using a block label. If a bound evaluates to a number outside that range, you get a numeric overflow error when PL/SQL attempts the assignment. Pl sql goto statement: The pl sql goto statement provides an unconditional jump from the GOTO to a labeled statement in the same subprogram. The label name can also appear at the end of the LOOP statement. A loop label in PL/SQL has the following format: … - Selection from Oracle … The implicit declaration of index_name overrides any other declaration outside the loop. A loop that executes an unlimited number of times. An example follows: The loop index is assigned the value of upper_bound. PL/SQL provides four kinds of loop statements: basic loop, WHILE loop, FOR loop, and cursor FOR loop. A variable declared as the formal parameter of a cursor. It encloses a sequence of statements between the keywords LOOP and END LOOP. The only way to branch into an IF statement is through its condition check. If that value is not less than the value of lower_bound, the sequence of statements in the loop is executed, then the index is decremented. See "PLS_INTEGER Datatype". See "SELECT INTO Statement". With CURSOR FOR LOOP, no opening, fetching, closing of Cursors is required Implicitly declares Record Type Variable Syntax For Oracle PL/SQL FOR LOOP. It is associated with a sequence of statements, which is executed only if the expression returns TRUE. The implicit declaration of record_name overrides any other declaration outside the loop. This is a convenient technique that makes processing a query as simple as reading lines of text in other programming languages. A cursor parameter can appear in a query wherever a constant can appear. Without label, the CONTINUEstatement transfers control to the next iteration of the current loop. René Nyffenegger on Oracle - Most wanted - Feedback - Follow @renenyffenegger Loops with PL/SQL; Types of loops Basic loop. An implicitly declared record. If that value is not greater than the value of upper_bound, the sequence of statements in the loop is executed, then the index is incremented. 3
LOOPS
Control structures are those constructs that alter the flow of program execution.
Loop is one such control structure. However, it’s faster than the manual looping. If the value of the index is still not less than the value of lower_bound, the sequence of statements is executed again. The loop body is executed once for each integer in the range defined by lower_bound..upper_bound. There are some restrictions on using the PL/SQL GOTO statement that you should be aware of before using it. Because select_statement is not an independent statement, the implicit cursor SQL does not apply to it. Sometimes package got invalid in Oracle if their dependency objects have been modified or … You can use label_namein an EXITstatement to exit the loop labelled by label_name. Another important point to note is that TABLE_FROM_BLOCK implicitly loops through the block, so POST-QUERY is executed for each record. The loop_variable is declared implicitly during the execution of the entire loop, and the scope of this loop_variable will be only inside this loop. 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