Myth is the way things have to be, or at least the way each culture believing in its own myths believes that things have to be. For the building of children is destruction and the destruction of elders is building.” (Avot de Rabbi Natan B 31.5–6). 12 0 obj /Parent 2 0 R The power of myth is strong today precisely because myth entails the heroic life that is larger than life, enlarged into epic proportions.

And again, I think back to R. Yohanan ben Zakk’ai who chose life with compromise over the extreme of martyrdom and who is quoted as saying: “If the children tell you come let us build the Temple, do not listen to them and if the old folks say come let us destroy the Temple listen to them. << At this point in the play, myth and ritual potentially have reached an impasse. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.0 842.0] Euripides wrote his play on Iphigenia at the close of the fifth century B.C.E., a less than heroic time for his city of Athens, grinding toward its inexorable eclipse by the rival Greek polis of Sparta after the decades-long Peloponnesian War. /Contents 79 0 R /AcroForm 4 0 R

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Job in the same confrontation is not. /Type /Page Does the voice that Euripides gave Iphigenia speak with any reason? 32 0 obj /Contents 77 0 R So argues Lionel Trilling in his Sincerity and Authenticity (85–86, passim): Not all cultures develop the idea of the heroic. Myth is the way things have to be, or at least the way each culture believing in its own myths believes that things have to be. /Type /Page

>> And then suddenly, Iphigenia reverses her position. /Resources 76 0 R /Contents 81 0 R Heroism is Greek, western, and masculine; it may be antithetical or superfluous to Judaism. << �D�si�Ͻ��X{�����`����ʌ��G:��~��6��Qn��JՊ�D����"����v�M���� ����{$i�F̱Vע^����.¶�[1�Z>����V���V����5[���k�',�b�q����5�Su5>RLK��=��؎ �G��G=Ri c Y]$��l�����w2��V� 14 0 obj /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Resources 88 0 R She wills her own death as the bride of Greece (IA 1375–76; 1396): I shall die — I am resolved — and having fixed my mind I want to die well and gloriously putting away from me whatever is weak and ignoble…To Greece I give this body of mine. /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] Longinus, on the Sublime 9.11–13). /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] Or does Euripides intend her speech as a parody of the frenzied patriotism of children intoxicated by the ideal of their own sacrifice on the altar of their father’s wars? << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] And yet here I survive to study and teach and write as a Jew about Greeks, a child of a people whose God in the foundational text of Genesis rejected a child’s sacrifice, a daughter of those rabbis who even when martyred never saw themselves as actors, never knew that they were brave.

M^�EX����dfׂ:�o5�'��A�����b%e� c�=*���)y��Z���j��)v� endobj /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page /Contents 87 0 R Passion is a drug that expands the ego and so quite unparadoxically the drunken heroic ego, however “self-sacrificing,” inevitably performs not for the community but ultimately only for itself and often at the community’s expense. /Contents 85 0 R /Type /Pages >> /ArtBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Resources 80 0 R Iphigenia must die simply to save the myth, in this case a Greek myth. /Parent 2 0 R >> << /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] The heroic is more an attitude, a stance toward life than any particular set of actions. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Parent 2 0 R /Contents 93 0 R

/Rotate 0 >> /Resources 66 0 R Usually in such stories of child sacrifice, the child has no voice of her own. /Resources 40 0 R

31 0 obj << /Author /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] 18 0 obj /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Resources 58 0 R 9 0 obj stream

<< In dying, Iphigenia saves the myth, but she also saves herself. While heroes are particular useful for Greek culture (which has a problem with limits), Jews (for whom the line between God and man was clear cut and continually reasserted in ritual) lack heroes in the Western sense of the word. << << /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Parent 2 0 R /Contents 69 0 R /Contents 89 0 R Peace is boring, compromising, and miniature, work for women and old men. 21 0 obj /Annots [36 0 R 37 0 R] In some versions of the myth, a deer comes into play later on when Artemis switches Iphigenia out for one of them right before she's about to get sacrificed. /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] There are various alternative spellings for many of the names mentioned here. >> /Resources 48 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] They would have been quite ready to understand the definition of the hero as an actor and to say that, as such, he was undeserving of the attention of serious men…. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] The Iliad, described by Simone Weil as a poem of force, is a young man’s poem. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Contents 61 0 R /Type /Page /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Resources 92 0 R

<< /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Resources 82 0 R

<< /Resources 70 0 R Here de Beauvoir (like Euripides’ Iphigenia) identifies with the values of the culture that has oppressed her. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageB /ImageI] /Contents 73 0 R << 8 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Type /Catalog /Rotate 0

Iphigenia by Orestes, is, as I have noted, regarded as the best kind of recognition because it derives from a logical chain of events.

/Type /Page endobj More specifically, in Aristotle's view, it seems likely that Iphigenia should want to send a letterPo. endobj >>

endobj endobj << /Type /Page /XObject << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.0 842.0] /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] ̷�H[��/�YAgi����2n��z0��S�a�޿�3�,"�aM�F%��rʕ5�7{�E�b+ūUiP�0> %?3�Nh�=�9�扈���:�ݒ+���\��I)����{"����袧�Xjk2!�$&�oxOB�06*uUN��jd���ƶ3�n3j�����p��� /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] The story of Iphigenia’s sacrifice is the plot of the play Iphigenia in Aulis by Euripides.

/TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /CropBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /ArtBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Type /Page The year was 1994, and right-wing demonstrators were protesting the “Oslo Accords.” So, for too many Sundays during that semester, I had sat sweltering in a bus worrying about missing office hours as virtually every group with a grievance against the Rabin government took its turn at barring my way to work. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Contents [35 0 R] /CropBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] When the play begins, Agamemnon has sent a message to his wife Clytemnestra in Argos telling her to bring Iphigenia to Aulis for a glorious wedding to Achilles, the best of the Achaean heroes. (The list of Greek brides of death is long.) In myth there are no alternative /Contents 49 0 R All wore the “Iphigenia look”: the smug expression of people existing in seamless complicity with their own myths and (especially the younger faces) all drunk on glory, mad as Euripides described all Greece as driven mad (IA 412), intent on their own beautiful deaths by sacrifice, high as only heroes can be high, as they watched themselves perform their high souled epic actions on Jerusalem’s tragic stage. endobj /Parent 2 0 R endobj /Resources 62 0 R Heroism is not necessary for survival; indeed it may be antithetical to survival. endobj /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0

/Rotate 0 /Parent 2 0 R >>

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/TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] >> /Count 29 I once had occasion to observe… that in the Rabbinical literature there is no touch of the heroic idea…As ethical beings, the Rabbis never see themselves… They imagine no struggles, no dilemmas, no hard choices, no ironies, no destinies, nothing interesting; they have no thought of morality as a drama. In Aeschylus To save Iphigenia, Achilles, her fictive bridegroom, grandiosely, if unrealistically, offers to take on the whole Greek army singlehandedly. %PDF-1.4 2007, Amber Jacobs, On Matricide: Myth, Psychoanalysis, and the, , /Contents 43 0 R 1 0 obj endobj 4 0 obj

This page was last edited on 7 September 2020, at 19:30. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] Note: An earlier version of this essay was published in Hebrew in Nekuda, No. As Thomas Mann put it, “Myth is the timeless schema, the pious formula into which life flows when it reproduces its traits out of the unconscious.”. <<

/Type /Page >> The prophet declared that the winds would not rise again until Agamemnon, commander and chief of the united Greek forces, sacrificed his daughter to the goddess Artemis. Like the archaic bride, so, too, the sacrificial animal, however passive, must offer at least the fiction of consent for the sacrifice to be ritually valid. /Rotate 0 23 0 obj Later, as I rode home, it seemed to me that I had seen too many Iphigenias in Jerusalem that day. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969] /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 453.543 651.969]

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