of all of the tavern’s patrons and that the police could See Houghton, 526 U.S. at 305 ("[T]he balancing of interests must be conducted with an eye to the generality of cases."). SUMMARY. "[T]he motivation of a passenger to employ violence to prevent apprehension of [that] crime is every bit as great as that of the driver," ibid., the Court held, reflecting the natural assumption that the car's occupants would be jointly involved with the driver in committing the crime. Nor did any of them express surprise at the discovery of the drugs. occupants had knowledge of, and exercised dominion and control cause,” according to its usual acceptation, means less 27, §287 (1996) (repealed 2002) (prohibiting possession of controlled dangerous substances). at 62, in this case, there is no question that a crime was committed and respondent was in the car with a commercial amount of cocaine. PROBABLE CAUSE EXISTS TO ARREST THE OCCUPANTS OF A CAR WHEN A QUANTITY OF DRUGS SUITABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION AND A ROLL OF CASH ARE FOUND IN THE PASSENGER COMPARTMENT AND NONE OF THE PASSENGERS ACKNOWLEDGES EXCLUSIVE OWNERSHIP OF THE CONTRABAND. As a result, persons carrying narcotics for distribution are unlikely to travel in a car with individuals who are unaware of the crime; and conversely, individuals who travel in a car containing a commercial quantity of drugs are likely to know about the contraband. Maryland v. Pringle, 540 U.S. 366 (2003), is a Supreme Court of the United States case regarding the reasonableness of the arrest of a passenger in an automobile. 21a-22a n.12) that a finding of probable cause in this case would compel the conclusion that the discovery of contraband in a bus or theater would justify the arrest of all who are present. Ann. more, give rise to probable cause to search that person. After noting that the officers had no information implicating Di Re and no information pointing to Di Re’s possession of coupons, unless presence in the car warranted that inference, we concluded that the officer lacked probable cause to believe that Di Re was involved in the crime. 4103; 2003 Cal. Maryland V. Pringle Police officers help in enforcing law and arresting individuals whoviolate the legal requirements.

See ibid. You asked for a summary Maryland v. Pringle, 123 S. C. 1571 (2003), and a discussion of related Connecticut case law on the authority of the police to arrest occupants of a vehicle that contains illegal drugs. in a public place for a felony, or a misdemeanor committed in The investigator went to the appointed Amendments. Finally, the Court ruled that any inference of Di Re's involvement based on his possibly witnessing the exchange was erased when the informer, who had no evident reason to avoid incriminating Di Re, "pointed out Buttitta, and Buttitta only, as a guilty party." The Maryland Court of Special Appeals a To determine whether an officer had probable cause to make an arrest, a court must examine the events leading up to the arrest, and then decide “whether these historical facts, viewed from the standpoint of an objectively reasonable police officer, amount to” probable cause.

Maryland v. Pringle Case Brief. Arizona v. Johnson, 555 U.S. 323 (2009), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, by unanimous decision, that police may conduct a pat down search of a passenger in an automobile that has been lawfully stopped for a minor traffic violation, provided the police reasonably suspect the passenger is armed and dangerous. The Maryland Court of Special Appeals affirmed, but the State Court of Appeals reversed, holding that, absent specific facts tending to show Pringle’s knowledge and dominion or control over the drugs, the mere finding of cocaine in the back armrest when Pringle was a front-seat passenger in a car being driven by its owner was insufficient to establish probable cause for an arrest for possession. 7-8) appear to assume that officers could arrest the driver or owner of the car as opposed to a "mere passenger." 2d 1016, 1028 (2002). factor in the totality of the circumstances, is mistaken in 3 In fact, the Court appeared to assume the validity of a parallel New York provision addressing illegal drugs under which all passengers were presumed "culpably involved" when a commercial quantity of drugs was found in a car. The sole question is whether the officer had probable cause to believe that Pringle committed that crime.1. In Di Re, a federal investigator had been told by an informant, Reed, that he was to receive counterfeit gasoline ration coupons from a certain Buttitta at a particular place.

and money, the officer arrested each of them. 26.

After all three men denied ownership of the cocaine and money, the officer arrested each of them. He was sentenced to 10 years’ incarceration without the possibility of parole. The Court is unique among American courts in that the judges wear red robes. Ann. The arrest did not violate the Fourth Amendment because the officer had probable cause to arrest Mr. Pringle. Maryland v. Pringle, a unanimous decision, gives law enforcement officers breathing room to use their own discretion in making probable cause determinations during car stops. See ibid. There were two other A police officer stopped a car for speeding at 3:16 a.m.; searched the car, seizing $763 from the glove compartment and cocaine from behind the back-seat armrest; and arrested the car's three occupants after they denied ownership of the drugs and money. The Supreme Court sought to establish bright line rules to govern vehicle search incident to eliminate some confusion in the cases. with the potential to furnish evidence against him. arrest, holding that the officer had probable cause to arrest Partlow indicated that he did not. Maryland v. Pringle (December 15, 2003) 540 US __ ISSUE After finding drugs in the back seat of a car, did an officer have probable cause to arrest all three of the vehicle’s occupants? 21a. Pet.

of probable cause); Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, Officer Snyder asked Partlow for his license and registration.

The facts of this case are illustrative. Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119, 126 (2000). returned to the stopped car, had Partlow get out, and issued But the balance of interests favors allowing an arrest of the vehicle's occupants. App. Cranch 339, 348 (1813), Chief Justice Marshall observed, in a The discovery of the money and drugs in separate locations in the car might have bolstered that inference, indicating to Officer Snyder that the various passengers were working together. 2d 1016, reversed and remanded. Neither Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85 (1979), nor United States v. Di Re, 332 U.S. 581 (1948), requires the conclusion that probable cause was lacking in this case.

Ibid. the totality of the circumstances. And when that occurs, the arrests frequently, as in this case, will facilitate further investigation that enables the officer to conclude in short order that a particular passenger should be released. As a general rule, "criminals rarely welcome innocent persons as witnesses to serious crimes and rarely seek to perpetrate felonies before larger-than-necessary audiences." Finally, no facts apparent to Officer Snyder at the scene negated the inference that the passengers were jointly associated with the cocaine.

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