Epub 2014 Oct 10. Furthermore, this radioresistance of CD13

A. Bonner, P. M. Harari, J. Giralt et al., “Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck,”, J. S. Cooper, T. F. Pajak, A. Toward this end, dissecting and understanding the biology of CSCs should translate into new clinical therapeutic approaches. The ability of the CSC to produce phenotypically diverse tumor cells may also contribute to increased metastatic potential with new mutations selecting for migratory and invasive properties of the tumor. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy.

Tumors have long been recognized to consist of a heterogeneous population of cells differing in proliferative capacity, histologic and immunophenotypic appearance, and tumorigenic potential. Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

In HNSCC cell lines, CD13 ; López-Gil, J.C.; Sainz, B., Jr.; Hermann, P.C.

Additionally, both in vitro assays and in vivo monitoring for effectiveness of new experimental cancer therapies are based on reduction in cell number or tumor size.

Its known functions include the conversion of retinol to retinoic acids and the oxidation of toxic aldehyde metabolites, like those formed during alcohol metabolism and with certain chemotherapeutics such as cyclophosphamide and cisplatin [45–47]. HNSCC cells could form a tumor when transplanted into the flank of immunocompromised mice, whereas higher concentrations of CD4 Cells were analyzed in proliferation, foci formation, and colony formation assays. Similar results have been seen in a murine model of breast cancer, which showed that CSCs have substantially lower amounts of reactive oxygen species, leading to radioresistance [13].

By far the most common method of identifying CSCs has relied on the expression of specific cell-surface antigens that enrich for cells with CSC properties. Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Department of Dermatology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA, J.

2020; 12(3):684.
Epub 2019 Sep 10. Cell cultures of CSCs from glioblastoma, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal carcinoma have been reported to have similar radiosensitivity to cell cultures that are not enriched for CSCs [8, 16]. Since then a number of other groups have defined CSC populations in other epithelial malignancies including colorectal, prostate, lung, brain, and HNSCC [19–23]. Jin H, Wang C, Jin G, Ruan H, Gu D, Wei L, Wang H, Wang N, Arunachalam E, Zhang Y, Deng X, Yang C, Xiong Y, Feng H, Yao M, Fang J, Gu J, Cong W, Qin W. Gastroenterology. Moreover, knockdown of CD44 increased the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to cisplatin, indicating that this CSC marker may be involved in meditating the response of these cells to chemotherapy.

CD2

These findings have coalesced into the cancer stem cell theory of tumorigenesis, which has remarkable implications on our understanding of tumor initiation, disease progression, and treatment response. Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus.  |  Studies in a wide variety of malignancies have demonstrated that only a distinct subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), contain the ability to undergo self-renewal and differentiation (properties of normal stem cells) and hence have the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and support ongoing tumor growth.

CSCs [9]. [26, 60], as well as exhibiting increased tumorigenicity in orthotopic xenografts [60]. This population of tumor cells consists of rapidly dividing cells (similar to the transient amplifying (TA) cell population in normal tissue) as well as additional CSCs and more differentiated tumor cells.

M. M. Monroe was supported by NIH training Grant 5-T32-CA106195-06A1. Furthermore, it appears that, like their normal stem cell counterparts, CSCs have increased resistance to standard cytotoxic therapies. In this article, we review the CSC concept in cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.

Initially identified as a solid malignancy CSC marker in breast cancer [18], Prince et al. Additionally, these tumors recapitulated the original tumor’s cellular heterogeneity and could be serially passaged, characteristics that define CSCs. HHS For similar reasons marker identification on HNSCC cell lines should be interpreted with caution. Additional work is also needed in defining the expression patterns of CSC markers in the endogenous setting. While there exists significant data defining the presence of CSCs within a variety of tumor types and many aspects of the cell and molecular biology of CSC have been elucidated, the manner in which this unique cell population influences clinical disease progression remains unclear. A pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein localized on cell membrane protrusions [36, 37], is a putative CSC marker for a number of epithelial malignancies including brain, prostate, colorectal, and lung [38, 39]. This site needs JavaScript to work properly.

Defining this stem cell hierarchy and the complex relationship between these cell populations has critical implications, not only for the understanding of the biology of tumor initiation and progression, but also for prognosis and treatment. ATOH8 appears to be a tumor suppressor that induces stem-cell features and chemoresistance in HCC cells.

Li MM, Tang YQ, Gong YF, Cheng W, Li HL, Kong FE, Zhu WJ, Liu SS, Huang L, Guan XY, Ma NF, Liu M. BMC Cancer. 3: 684. For example, glioblastoma tumors that recur after radiation have been found to be enriched in CD13 Background & aims: The recognition of intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has given way to the concept of the cancer stem cell (CSC). Support from NIH DK068326, CA118235 for M. H. Wong. CSCs implanted into the cecal wall of a nude mouse formed a tumor in the colon as well as liver metastases, while CD2

Relevant markers of cancer stem cells indicate a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a meta-analysis.

A subpopulation of CD4 2011, Article ID 762780, 8 pages, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/762780, 1Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA, 2Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA, 3Department of Dermatology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

To date, most studies have focused on the identification of tumor cell populations enriched for cells with stem-like properties. Despite focused examination, the origin of the CSC remains controversial. counterparts [26, 40, 41]. Strategies to restore its levels and activities might be developed to treat patients with liver cancer.

A. Forastiere et al., “Postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for high-risk squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck,”, M. R. Posner, D. M. Hershock, C. R. Blajman et al., “Cisplatin and fluorouracil alone or with docetaxel in head and neck cancer,”, D. Hanahan and R. A. Weinberg, “The hallmarks of cancer,”, C. Zhao, J. Blum, A. Chen et al., “Loss of, O. Al-Assar, R. J. Muschel, T. S. Mantoni, W. G. McKenna, and T. B. Brunner, “Radiation response of cancer stem-like cells from established human cell lines after sorting for surface markers,”, S. Bao, Q. Wu, R. E. McLendon et al., “Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response,”, G. Bertolini, L. Roz, P. Perego et al., “Highly tumorigenic lung cancer CD133+ cells display stem-like features and are spared by cisplatin treatment,”, C.-J.
Thus, these CD2

Focused research on mechanisms of treatment resistance in CSCs and whether they can be overcome will prove equally important as efforts to improve CSC identification.

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