Listed as 5th and ranked as 3rd highest mortality among the most common cancers, hepatocarcinoma is an increasing health problem worldwide with high occurrence, metastasis and poor prognosis 1,2. . Evidence of splenic vein thrombus was found [Figure 1]. Alves RCP, It is important to emphasize that the diagnosis of our patient was based on the presence of mediastinal mass and hepatic lesions. M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes facilitate hepatocarcinoma metastasis by transferring αMβ2 integrin to tumor cells. Contact Us, 1Department of Hepatology, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, 04028-000 São Paulo, Brazil, 2Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, 04028-000 São Paulo, Brazil, 3Department of Radiology, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, 04028-000 São Paulo, Brazil, Correspondence Address: Dr. Rogério Camargo Pinheiro Alves, Department of Hepatology, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Av. 14. All patients with these two conditions benefit from biannual screening for HCC with abdominal ultrasound and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, although the latter has been shown to have questionable efficacy in population surveillance. This dissertation, "Hepatitis virus B protein x (HBx) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)/lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2) pathway" by Chun-yu, Lee, 利俊裕, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong ... 15. To understand HCC formation and metastasis, we assessed the metabonomics of rat HCC and HCC with lung metastasis (HLM). Mechanistically, M2 exos mediated an intercellular transfer of the CD11b/CD18, activating the matrix metalloproteinase-9 signaling pathway in recipient HCC cells to support tumor migration. Zhang X, Liu S, Hu T, He Y, Sun S. Up-regulated microRNA-143 transcribed by nuclear factor kappa B enhances hepatocarcinoma metastasis by repressing fibronectin expression. This is the case report of an 80-year-old retired widower coming from São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Jianghai Huang 1,2, Qiang Qu 3, Yong Guo 4, Yuqi Xiang 2, Deyun Feng 2,5 . Hepatocyte growth factor/c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (HGF/c-Met) signaling has attracted much attention, which is mediated by tyrosine kinases and expressed in a wide variety of . Wernecke K, Vassallo P, Bick U, Diederich S, Peters P. The Distinction Between Benign and Malignant Liver Tumors on Sonography: Value of a Hypoechoic Halo. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Chinese herbal formula QHF inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. He sought medical assistance after two episodes of hemoptysis. Se encontró adentro – Página 147... hepatic metastasis of colon carcinoma 133 hepatitis B virus 1 hepatitis C virus 1, 53 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 1, 47, 53, 59, 69, 91, 117 hepatoma 37 immunomodulation 133 interferon 53 interleukin-2 133 intrahepatic metastasis ... The invasion and metastasis are linked to the rapid progression and poor prognosis of hepatocarcinoma patients. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. It is a complex biological process involving multiple genes, steps, and phases. All values are presented as the mean ± SEM. The first route is from the left hepatic lobe via anterior phrenic lymph nodes to the parasternal or subcarinal lymph nodes; the second, from the liver through the hepatic falciform ligament to the parasternal or paratracheal lymph nodes; and the third, from the right hepatic lobe through the right triangular ligament to the paratracheal lymph nodes. What Defines ‘cure’ After Liver Resection for Colorectal Metastases? Hepatocarcinoma (HCC) has a very high mortality rate and the high recurrence and metastasis rates contribute to the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common fatal malignan cies of mankind. A tomographic study revealed a contrast-enhanced expansive heterogeneous mass measuring 9.7 cm × 5.1 cm × 5.6 cm at this largest diameter and located on the left midline of the anterior mediastinum, with no clear interface between mediastinum and pericardium. The occurrence in a miliary pattern fashion is exceptional and even more so if it is the initial clinical feature. The patient also exhibited tumor metastases to the lungs, left knee, little finger of the left hand, scalp, and the skin of the neck. This dissertation, "Blockade of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Receptor 4 for the Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis" by Tsz-wai, Kok, 郭梓瑋, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold ... After the inoculation of H22 cells to the liver, mice were treated by i.v . This dissertation, "Functional Characterization of Liver Intestine-cadherin (CDH17) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" by Wai-man, Vivian, Chan, 陳慧雯, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold ... More advanced cases, such as the one presented in this study, are eligible to palliative treatment with sorafenib. APCs El hepatocarcinoma muestra un lavado rápido en fase portal y es hipointenso con respecto al parénquima hepático en fase tardía. In conclusion, our study reveals that QHF can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCCLM3, and this effect may be related to inhibiting HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI are all useful for detection of hepatic metastases and evaluation across multiple post-contrast CT series, or MRI pulse sequences are necessary. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). Kanda M, Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Sato T, Masuzaki R, Ohki T, Imamura J, Goto T, Yoshida H, Hamamura K, Obi S, Kanai F, Shiina S, Omata M. Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence and risk factors. 18. 1992;159(5):1005-9. Achkar JP, Araya V, Baron RL, Marsh JW, Dvorchik I, Rakela J. Undetected hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical features and outcome after liver transplantation. Se encontró adentro – Página 271from hepatocellular carcinoma receiving externalbeam radiotherapy. Cancer. 2009;115:2710–20. 70. Cho HS, Oh JH, Han I, Kim HS. Survival of patients with skeletal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical management. 12. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes facilitate hepatocarcinoma metastasis by transferring α(M) β(2) integrin to tumor cells. 13. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs most often in people with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. The most common form of liver cancer begins in cells called hepatocytes and is called hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma with metastasis to the anterior mediastinum. larger lesions (>1.5 cm) tend to show transient rim enhancement (i.e. This dissertation, "Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma" by Yee-ki, Carol, Lee, 李綺琪, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: ... Gerard M. Doherty, Lawrence W. Way. Su incidencia está en una tasa bruta de 10,8 . It usually starts with a solitary encapsulated lesion that often shows slow growth and is asymptomatic for a long time. Saud LRC, Tumour cell metastasis is characteristic of tumour progression involving complex processes including the ability to dissolve the basement membrane and the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to migrate through the ECM. Lei MH, Ko YL, Kuan P, Lien WP, Chen DS. [7] A study in autopsy files showed that unusual extrahepatic metastatic sites include diaphragm, pancreas, gall bladder, stomach, colon, adrenal gland, pleura, peritoneum, cervical lymph nodes, brain, skin, and oral cavity.[8]. Metástasis en clivus de hepatocarcinoma asociado a quimiembolización transarterial hepática. Int J Oral Maxillofac Kyoto Univ 1973;13:25. Los médicos también usan la etapa del cáncer cuando hablan sobre estadísticas de supervivencia. Tumour metastasis, both intrahepatic and extrahepatic, is a major factor of mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Lymph node metastasis rates in hepatocarcinoma after altered Annexin A7 expression. Therefore, an understanding of the various appearances of metastatic disease is crucial. Patients with initial HCC, i.e. Cardiac metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a young non-cirrhotic patient, to the left ventricle. Unfortunately, not only do metastases have a wide range of appearances, but background echogenicity changes of the liver due to fatty change make absolute statements difficult to make. However, the . The hypoxic environment in tumors is an important factor that causes tumor metastasis by activating HIF-1α. Tomographic study revealed HCC with mediastinal metastasis, after which sorafenib therapy was started. Disease staging should be established at this point, in order to plan treatment and assess prognosis.[3,4]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1999;62:891-5. Blocking either CD11b and/or CD18 elicited a significant decrease in M2 exos-mediated HCC cell metastasis. 13. Direct injection of radiopaque material into 23 resected tumors and percutaneous injection in eight unresectable lesions revealed that the portal vein might act as an efferent vessel of tumor. Metastasis, the greatest clinical challenge associated with cancer, is closely connected to multiple biological processes, including invasion and adhesion. 2012;81(9):2127-32. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Case 2: metastatic cecal adenocarcinoma, polycystic liver and kidney, Case 4: dynamic MRI with hepatocyte-specific agent, Case 10: from mucinous adenocarcinoma of colon, Case 16: extensive from lung carcinoma on PET, transient hepatic attenuation differences (THADs), ultrasound appearance of hepatic metastases, transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD), World Health Organization 2001 classification of hepatic hydatid cysts, recurrent pyogenic (Oriental) cholangitis, combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor), portal vein thrombosis (acute and chronic), cavernous transformation of the portal vein, congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt classification, congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt classification, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), transient hepatic intensity differences (THID), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease), cystic pancreatic mass differential diagnosis, pancreatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa), pancreatic mature cystic teratoma (dermoid), revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis, acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC), hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis, pancreatitis associated with cystic fibrosis, low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome, diffuse gallbladder wall thickening (differential), focal gallbladder wall thickening (differential), ceftriaxone-associated gallbladder pseudolithiasis, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB), intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the bile duct, multiple biliary hamartomas (von Meyenburg complexes), localized pain and tenderness due to capsular stretching, gastrointestinal tract (via portal circulation), essentially all metastatic solid malignancies, positive mass effect with distortion of adjacent vessels, hypoechoic: most common ~65% and is a concerning feature, cystic, calcified, infiltrative and echogenic appearances are all possible: see. E-mail: rcpalves@uol.com.br. Liver metastases are typically hypoattenuating on unenhanced CT, enhancing less than surrounding liver following contrast 1. Noncolorectal, Nonneuroendocrine Liver Metastases. In patients with mediastinal metastasis, lesions were mostly diagnosed simultaneously with the viable intrahepatic tumor. Spectrum of MRI Appearances of Untreated Metastases of the Liver. Sommer W, Zech C, Bamberg F et al. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: the force awakens in HCC? In general, however, metastases may appear as 3: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has similar characteristics to CT, able to distinguish between hypovascular liver lesions, and hypervascular liver lesions. Study of 850 patients. [5,6] We present a case of an elderly patient admitted to our institution after being diagnosed with HCC and mediastinal metastasis. No mediastinal lymphadenomegaly was detected. Child-Pugh scoring determines the severity of liver disease on the basis of serum albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, ascites , and encephalopathy . Fluid–fluid Level in Hepatic Metastases: A Characteristic Sign of Metastases of Neuroendocrine Origin. Fukuoka K, Masachika E, Honda M, Tsukamoto Y, Nakano T. Isolated metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the left atrium, unresponsive to treatment with sorafenib. Such radiological characteristic occurs in a small number of 1-2 cm tumors. Katyal S, Oliver JH 3rd, Peterson MS, Ferris JV, Carr BS, Baron RL. Although there are great differences in the global incidence and frequency of coexisting HCC and cirrhosis that vary according to ethnicity, the coexistence of these two conditions has the same basic clinical characteristics and leads to poor prognosis, regardless of race and location. 29, No. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. Comments must be written in English. 2020 74. About the Journal Affiliation 1 Departments of ENT . Int J Oral Maxillofac Kyoto Univ 1973;13:25. Hellenic J Surg. An adaptor protein CRKL plays a pivotal role in HCC growth, whereas miR-124-3p downregulation is associated with clinical stage and the poor survival of patients. (2008) ISBN: 9781588906557, 5. This dissertation, "Roles of Hypoxia-inducible MicroRNA-210 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" by Ka-lun, Alan, Kai, 奚家麟, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: ... The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of IAMSPE. A case of hepatocellular J Laryng Otol 1974;88:981-2. carcinoma diagnosed by mandibular metastasis. Radiologia 2010;52:385-98. Paschalidis N, Kalaitzis J, Voultsos M, Marinis A, Rizos S. Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Liver Mimicking Metastases. Noncolorectal, Nonneuroendocrine Liver Metastases. [2] HCC is usually associated with liver cirrhosis, which may impair treatment tolerability and thus increase the risk of complications in cases of advanced cirrhosis. He was a former smoker of 90 packs a year and denied alcohol abuse. Tatokoro M & Kihara K. Liver Metastases from Ureteral and Bladder Cancer. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the different presentations of HCC and on extrahepatic metastases, which occur in 30-50% of HCC cases. 6. Terada T, Maruo H. Unusual extrahepatic metastatic sites from hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Vol. [3,4], Non-invasive diagnosis is made by imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging,[4] based on the vascular findings for these tumors, which exhibit a hypervascular pattern during the arterial phase and a washout pattern during the portal venous or delayed phase. We decided not to perform liver biopsy because an imaging study revealed that the tumor had a washout vascular pattern and the patient showed AFP levels of 14,000 ng/mL. 10. Ferreira BG, AJR Am J Roentgenol. 38. Las etapas del cáncer de hígado van desde la etapa I (1) a IV (4). 19. 14. Se encontró adentro – Página 137(2010 OCT 5) Seoul National University College of Medicine: Absence of symptom and intact liver function are positive prognosticators for patients undergoing radiotherapy for lymph node metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma A report, ... Generalmente se diagnostica a personas de 50 años de edad o más. AFP levels reached 45,000 ng/mL. The overexpression of a highly regulated pathway like Hippo/YAP1 is closely related to tumorigenesis, regulated through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. . It occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such . Laboratory findings were as follows: hemoglobin = 10.5 g/dL; hematocrit = 34%; leukocytes = 7,500.000/mm3 (segmented: 64%, band cells: 0%, lymphocytes: 28%, eosinophils: 5%, monocytes: 3%, basophils: 1%); total bilirubin = 0.7 mg/dL; alanine aminotransferase = 48 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase = 40 U/L; AFP = 14,000 ng/mL; gamma-glutamyl transferase = 350 U/L; alkaline phosphatase = 148 U/L; international normalized ratio = 1.75; creatinine = 0.77 mg/dL. Current Surgical Diagnosis & Treatment (Current Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment). Se encontró adentro – Página 4metastasis. potential. of. mouse. hepatoma. cells. According to the authors of recent research from Liaoning, ... In the present study, the role of miR-34a in lymphatic metastasis was investigated using mouse hepatocarcinoma cell lines ... 1. Mice with pulmonary metastasis were marked "1", and mice without pulmonary metastasis were marked "0". 8. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor liver metastasis in a patient with previously diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an unexpected diagnosis Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment is an open access journal, focusing on basic and clinical studies related to cancer cell, cell biology, oncology, radiation therapy and radiology, obstetrics and . These authors contributed equally to this work. Chloride channel 3 (CIC-3) has been suggested to be implicated in the carcinogenesis though; it still remains ill understood in hepatocarcinoma, especially in terms of clinicopathological meaning of its expression. Hepatocarcinoma: metastasis to the nose and paranasal sinuses Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. The aim of this study was to define clinical outcome and prognostic determinants in patients with BM from HCC. Extrahepatic metastasis, which rarely involves the mediastinum, is associated with poor prognosis. 192, No. Mol Clin Oncol 2015;3:397-9. Ji Shi Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Anshan Hospital . Int Surg 2013;98:432-6. Oncale M, Lewis B. Hepatocellular carcinoma with extension to the heart via the inferior vena cava. Subclinical metastasis is the major cause of tumor recurrence and . Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. 7. The results from our in vitro experiments showed that QHF has the ability to inhibit the proliferation by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis. Poletti PB. The mechanism and pathogenesis of the high frequency of intrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been elucidated. 10. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun R, Brennan M, Blumgart L. Clinical Score for Predicting Recurrence After Hepatic Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Discussion. Brain metastases (BM) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are extremely rare and are associated with a poor prognosis. Abnormal expressions of microRNAs are involved in growth and progression of human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Two hundred and thirty one tumors (⩽ 5 cm in diameter) of resected specimens of HCC were examined for the relationship between mode of tumor spread and tumor size. Primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death in the world population. This dissertation, "Overexpression of PAK4 and Its Relevance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" by Haitao, Xu, 許海濤, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: ... Check for errors and try again. These findings co … The appearance of liver metastases on MRI is also variable, but MRI is more sensitive than CT for the detection of liver metastases 5. Carlo Bartolozzi. 8. Efferent vessels in HCC were identified by direct injection of radiopaque material into . World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:414-20. Tankyrases/β-catenin Signaling Pathway as an Anti-proliferation and Anti-metastatic Target in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines . The presented results constitute a proof-of-concept for the in-vitro prediction of the metastatic potential of HCC from VOC fingerprints using nanotechnology. Focal Liver Lesions: Detection, Characterization, Ablation (Medical Radiology / Diagnostic Imaging). Fig. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110867. Moreover, QHF can also inhibit migration and invasion of HCCLM3 cells and the expression of the p-c-Met protein in HCCLM3 cells was down-regulated. It is also closely connected to many biological activities of cancer cells, such as growth, invasion, adhesion, hematogenous metastasis, and lymphatic metastasis. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to . Eur J Radiol. Enhancement is typically peripheral, and although there may be central filling in, on portal venous phase, the delayed phase will show washout; helpful in distinguishing a metastasis from a hemangioma 1. [9,10], The predictors of the presence of extrahepatic metastases are: size and number of HCC nodules, presence of tumor vascular invasion or tumor biomarkers.[2]. Consent form was obtained from the patient family. 12. 4. There was also an increase in the size of hepatic solid lesions and in the extension of thrombosis. Ulus T, Birdane A, Dündar E, Tünerir B. Asymptomatic course of a metastatic mass completely filling the right atrium in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. 2014;:175-82. BOOST: a phase 3 trial of sorafenib vs. best supportive care in first line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with deteriorated liver function, HCC in metabolic syndrome: current concepts and future directions, [18F]FDG PET imaging evaluation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma model treated with sorafenib, Fernando Gomes de Barros Costa, ... Claudia P. Oliveira, Systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a recap of the current status, Neoplastic macrovascular invasion represents an independent risk factor for dismal survival in sorafenib treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, Total regression of hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases, after liver transplantation, with sorafenib-everolimus, Dimitrios Giakoustidis, ... Vassilios Papanikolaou, Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in recurrent unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation, Management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: review of current and potential therapies, Attenuation of liver stiffness in sorafenib-treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. their tumors. Results After 10 Years of Follow-Up. June 2020 . c-Met is closely related to the metastasis of HCC, then we constructed a stable transfected cell line HepG2-met with high expression of c-Met by transfection. Bull Stom hepatocellular carcinomas: a case report. Material and methods Animals and cell lines Female BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, 6 to 8-week-old, were pur-chased from Center of Medical Experimental Animals of Hubei Transarterial chemotherapy and radioembolization are other options for treatment for hepatic metastases. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2012;40:52-4. 2. 6. To investigate whether human angiotensinogen protects against tumor progression in vivo , we established an original bitransgenic model in which transgenic mice expressing human angiotensinogen (Hu-AGT-TG mice) were crossed with a transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma . Cancer 2011;117:4475-83. Note tumor infiltration (arrow) extending from part of the right hepatic lobe to the hilar region and tumor infiltration of the portal vein (arrow head). congenital malformations and anatomical variantsÂ. The HLM rat model was established by exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Objectives Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulate with increased numbers in the peripheral blood of patients with highly-vascularised hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contribute to angiogenesis and neovascularisation. Our data suggest that SIRT1 may play an important role in HCC progression and could be a potential molecular therapy target for HCC. Proceeds from the sale of this book go to support an elderly disabled person. 11. Moreover, macroscopic . cinoma and the metastasis of ectopic tumor to the liver. © 2016-2021 OAE Publishing Inc., except certain content provided by third parties, Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids, Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment, Journal of Translational Genetics and Genomics, Journal of Smart Environments and Green Computing, Journal of Surveillance, Security and Safety, Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/, Patient with HCC of 8.6 cm in segment 4 liver, underwent transcatheter arterial embolization and following the appearance of mediastinal injury of 4 cm in the right paratracheal region, 3 lesions of HCC, 2 years after liver transplant tumor recurrence in the upper mediastinum, 2 patients with hepatitis-C related HCC, after several courses of TACE developed mediastinal and pericardial neoplastic growth, HCC 3 cm treated with TACE; 2 years after presents hoarseness, a chest CT scan revealed a 5-cm tumor over the aortopulmonary window of the mediastinum, HCC with liver mass 11 cm ×13 cm with vena cava invasion and extension to the right atrium (4 cm × 4 cm ), HCC with associated thrombus was found to extend from the liver through the inferior vena cava into the right atrium, Right intraventricular metastasis from HCC in a patient who had undergone a partial hepatectomy for HCC more than two years earlier, Systemic chemotherapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin, HCC who was incidentally found to have an intracavitary mass completely occupying the right atrium, HCC with hepatectomy; 1 year after patient started to present dyspnea, hoarseness, palpitation, chest CT scan showed a mass of 4 cm in the left heart ventricle and myocardial invasion, The first patient was noted to have a large RV tumor mass with intracavitary growth and myocardial invasion; the second had massive pulmonary and LA metastasis; and the third patient had a right atrial tumor mass with concomitant RV and LA involvement, Patient with pulmonary metastases from HCC, who presented with a tumor in the left lung, extending to the left atrium through the left pulmonary vein. Danet I, Semelka R, Leonardou P et al. Liver malignancies are the sixth leading cause of cancer worldwide, whereas hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent histological type of liver cancer. Some primaries have a tendency to produce hyper-enhancing metastases, including renal cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, etc (see hypervascular liver lesions). Disease progressed to death 4 months after the start of the treatment. Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma mimicking a solitary mediastinal tumor. HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Okuda K, Ohtsuki T, Obata H, Tomimatsu M, Okazaki N, Hasegawa H, Nakajima Y, Ohnishi K. Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. There were hepatic lesions showing a washout pattern in segments V, VI, VII, VIII and IV and protruding toward the hepatic hilum. Baert (Foreword), R. Lencioni (Editor), D. Cioni (Editor) et al. Hepatocarcinoma metastasis is regulated by various signaling pathways, including Wnt, NF-κB, and receptor tyrosine kinases signaling pathways [, , ].

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