New York: Oxford University Press. Pairs reunite at the same nesting site each year. Also found off northern Europe. At sea, they are preyed upon by Beluga Whales. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! Back to top, Least Sandpipers are widespread and numerous. (Sibley, 2001), Dovekies are carnivores. This is the only Atlantic auk of its size, half the size of the Atlantic Puffin at 19–21 cm in length, with a 34–38 cm wingspan. Males defend their display areas against other males by fighting: they may land on each other’s backs, spar with their feet, and chase each other. Alle alle, commonly named little auks or dovekies, are native to the Nearctic and Palearctic regions.During non-breeding, winter months they are distributed from the southern limit of the pack ice south to the Gulf Stream, Virginia Capes, and Faeroe Islands. It flies low above water with rapid whirring wing beats. The pair is monogamous and stays together until the female abandons the brood. The animal is one of the most abundant species of seabirds in the world; populations are estimated to be over 37 million breeding pairs. During non-breeding, winter months they are distributed from the southern limit of the pack ice south to the Gulf Stream, Virginia Capes, and Faeroe Islands. (Freethy, 1987; Harris and Birkhead, 1985; Sibley, 2001), Humans, wild cats, arctic foxes, raccoons, mink, glaucous gulls, rats, and presumably other rodents are predators of dovekies when they are nesting on land.

We can find two subspecies, Alle alle alle very similar, and Alle alle polaris, larger, with longer bill and wings.

Gabrielsen, W., J. Taylor, M. Konarzewski, F. Mehlum. HABITAT: Little Auk or Dovekie breeds among screes and on steep slopes. having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Polarpedia has information categorized by main topics. Colonies can be found on the coasts or on mountain slopes as far as 30 km inland.

They forage on moist mud toward the edges of broad mudflats, sparse cobble beaches, or openings in marsh vegetation. living in the northern part of the Old World. (Compare to phytoplankton.).
(Freethy, 1987; Gaston and Jones, 1998; Harris and Birkhead, 1985; Sibley, 2001), Another form of communication is body language. REPRODUCTION: They winter at sea from Newfoundland to Gulf of Maine, sometimes farther south to New York or Virginia. Little auks face several natural predators, such as arctic foxes (арктическая лиса) and birds of prey such as the glaucous gull (бургомистр) which hunts from the air, attempting to snatch individuals from flocks of little auks. Little Auk or Dovekie feeds mainly on crustaceans and zooplankton, but also on small invertebrates and small fishes. but climate changes (warming) in Southern Greenland and Iceland seems to be the reason for the decreasing populations there. There are two subspecies: A. a. alle breeds in Greenland, Iceland, Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen, and A. a. polaris on Franz Josef Land. For the most part, dovekies exhibit sexual monomorphism, except that the male has a larger bill, and the summer and winter plumage is different. As this species of copepod occurs in areas of the ocean with cold currents, changes to ocean currents due to climate change has therefore had a big impact on the distribution and abundance of the little auk’s colonies. Shortly after, copulation will occur. Around the nesting sight, they fly in large masses, making loud vocalizations, perhaps to deter predators. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.

Least Sandpipers breed in tundra and boreal forests across the extreme northern regions of North America. Contributor Galleries During migration they stop on coastal mudflats, rocky shorelines, and inland habitats including wet meadows, flooded fields, and muddy edges of lakes, ponds, and ditches. (Freethy, 1987; Gaston and Jones, 1998; Harris and Birkhead, 1985; Sibley, 2001), Dovekies play an important role as predators, affecting and perhaps even regulating zooplankton populations, and as prey, supporting mammalian predator populations in the Arctic Circle. The little auk is an endemic marine bird species whose main habitat is the Arctic Basin, where it usually lives in large colonies. They exhibit many synchronized patterns while breeding, mating, fledging, feeding, and migrating. Breeding Ecology of the Atlantic Alcidae. Nebel, Silke and John M. Cooper. Also, there have been observations of males flying over a site and dropping a pebble, possibly indicating their intention to claim a site. Every day the bird leaves its nesting colonies for feeding grounds in the open sea 5-15 times a day. Competition for the best nest sites can be quite fierce, with the dominating bird chasing away other contenders into the air. Can be seen along east coast of Britain. This species is highly gregarious and lives and nests in spectacular vast colonies. Fr: Mergule nain This involves flying as far as 20 kilometers from the nesting site 4 to 14 times daily, catching food, and delivering it back to the nest in elastic gular pouches. Adults feed the young, carrying food in their throat pouches. The larger A. a. polaris is known only from Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya. (2014). Convergent in birds. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Much like penguins, this coloration gives them a tuxedo-like appearance. Underparts and undertail coverts are white. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World.

When it swims or rests on the water, it often dips its bill into the water. The Glaucous Gull and the Arctic Fox are the main predators on Little Auks, and, in some cases, the Polar Bear has also been reported to feed on their eggs. A terrestrial biome with low, shrubby or mat-like vegetation found at extremely high latitudes or elevations, near the limit of plant growth. The stormy weather in autumn can drive very numerous birds into the North Sea. Population estimates of North American shorebirds, 2012. 2003. Raven, Glaucous Gulls and Arctic Foxes are important predators of this species, and polar bears feed on the eggs. Geographic Range. This material is based upon work supported by the (Gaston and Jones, 1998), Dovekies have no significant negative impact on humans. Esp : Mérgulo Atlántico It was found that males retrieve the food more often than females. During the time of the year when it must feed tis chicks, the little auk usually travels 10-15 km a day, but can sometimes travel as far as 100-150 km. They nest in crevices or beneath large rocks, usually laying just a single egg. Least Sandpipers flock with other shorebirds during fall migration and winter, including Western Sandpipers, Semipalmated Sandpipers, Sanderlings, and Dunlin. The flight is direct, with fast whirring wing beats due to the short wings. Their breeding habitat is coastal mountainsides, where they have large colonies. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY, USA. It eats mainly marine zooplankton, and can dive to a depth of 30-50 metres. The male starts the nest by pressing his body into the vegetation on the ground and making a scrape.

Little Auk: Winter visitor to Britain and the Isle of Man. ("Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History", 2006; Gabrielsen, et al., 1991; Pough, 1951; Sibley, 2001), In the winter, dovekies have a distinct black and white coloration. the body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America which occurs mostly north of the Arctic circle.

Auks: An Ornithologist's Guide. Little Auk or Dovekie plays an important role in the Arctic ecosystem, carrying large quantities of nutrients from sea to land. They move south in winter into northern areas of the north Atlantic. The Auks. It is speculated that male dovekies use a ‘rushing flight’ to confirm pair bonds. Look for them on edges of mudflats or marshes, where they walk with a hunched posture and probe for little crustaceans, insects, and other invertebrates. Help us improve the site by taking our survey. Andres, B. During the stormy season, it becomes very fat, when the sea washes up abundant supply of food. Click on an icon below to view the available terms.

The site is usually a coastal cliff side, nunatak, or mountainside within 30 km from the coast. RANGE: Little Auk or Dovekie breeds in Greenland and Arctic coastlines, but there is one colony in Canadian Arctic. Eyes are black with white crescent above. Through the early twentieth century Least Sandpipers were among the many small sandpipers shot by commercial hunters on the Atlantic coast, but their numbers recovered after the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918. It nests in rock crevices or under large rocks. Fledging is often synchronized and matured young depart from the colony either singly, with parents, or in small groups.

HABITAT: Once paired up for the breeding season, they become less aggressive toward other males. the body of water between Africa, Europe, the southern ocean (above 60 degrees south latitude), and the western hemisphere.

Just like other seabirds, little auks need land for mating and nesting, but are entirely dependent on the sea for food. (Freethy, 1987).

In The Birds of North America (P. G. Rodewald, editor). Harris, M., T. Birkhead. They are seen inland after severe winter storms. Tanya Dewey (editor), Animal Diversity Web. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. having markings, coloration, shapes, or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment; being difficult to see or otherwise detect. This is especially important for females, because eggs are very large, and require a major allocation of resources. Both species of auks are somewhat similar in appearance, but they are different genetically and in body structure. The little auk nests in the shore zones of islands in the Arctic Ocean, mainly in the section of the North Atlantic. (Freethy, 1987). They have dense waterproof plumage and strong bones to resist water pressure. 2007. Trips around the world, HANDBOOK OF THE BIRDS OF THE WORLD Volume 3 by Josep del Hoyo-Andrew Elliott-Jordi Sargatal - Lynx Edicions - ISBN : 8487334202, THE COMPLETE BOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS – Written by “Royal Society for the Protection of Birds” experts - Préface de Magnus Magnusson - Michael Cady- Rob Hume Editors - ISBN: 0749509112, THE HANDBOOK OF BIRD IDENTIFICATION FOR EUROPE AND THE WESTERN PALEARCTIC by Mark Beaman, Steve Madge - C.Helm - ISBN: 0713639601, Wikipedia (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia). Pp. They both take trips to retrieve food for the young, mainly copepod crustaceans. Little Auk or Dovekie nests in large colonies, in cavities in steep slopes. 1937. They move south in winter into northern areas of the north Atlantic. After the breeding season, they disperse over polar seas with broken pack-ice. This mainly involves relatively harmless grappling and interlocking of bills. Pairs may then engage in a slow, low to the ground ‘Butterfly’ flight, ritualized walks, or preening and unique displays of various postures. The little auk is able to dive to a depth of 30-50 metres to look for food, and can stay under water for up to 45 seconds. They find protection in numbers, and are better able to find food when searching in large groups. Two subspecies have been identified, and differ on the basis of size. Young fledge when it is 26 to 30 days old. They use their wings to move through the water by flapping them back and forth. Search in feature Nests are normally distributed in small groups of ten or more. They are not pests, and do not compete with the fishing industry. Warner, J. Usually, this bird has a hunched appearance. Between 1974 and 1991, the fall migration count in eastern Canada fell by 3 percent per year. active during the day, 2. lasting for one day. at http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0194.htm. Alle alle, commonly named little auks or dovekies, are native to the Nearctic and Palearctic regions.

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