increasing the net value of recyclable fractions such as paper. Residual waste: apartment blocks in city are, according to the previously presented data a, Example 3.

from provision and use of fuel for collection, tran, sfer and transport of 1 tonne of waste, ca. >>

For the demand factor of infrastructure operation, a sensitivity analysis of the employed allocation factor was performed, revealing no sensitivity for gaseous emissions and particles. Greenhouse gas emissions from treatment of waste water and sludges are also presented.

<<

Biological treatment of the biowaste fraction of MSW also lowers the emissions compared with landfilling all the waste.

The comparison included several scenarios with recycling and different transport distances.

Additional. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check the influence of bag size. The provided datasets allow for a preliminary screening of the importance of transport processes within a product life cycle. In the estimate the greenhouse impact of the treatment of municipal waste, waste water and sludge, industrial, construction and agricultural waste is presented. Furthermore, the VRGV increases the installation area for the solar photovoltaic panels and expand the rainwater collection area for the building, and facilitates natural ventilation and prevents excessive solar radiation into the room.

All other distances covered were defined as transport of waste, which was modelled in generic transport simulation models. vate cars and by optimization of long distance transport, Collection, transfer and transport of solid waste are the, foundations of waste management systems all over, ronment, the waste is moved from the point of generation to, facilities for processing, treatment, and disposal. by this paper and in associated literature. tonne(-1) of glass waste for bottle re-use. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to recycling of glass waste were assessed from a waste management perspective. The total load is considerable depending on the, ships 2000 to 50 000 deadweight tonnage (dwt) and large ships, The consumption of bulk fuel for ships is dependent on the, load of the ship, the maintenance condition of the, weather conditions during the transport.

The global warming factor (GWF) shows that upstream activities and the MRF causes negligible GHG emissions (12.8 to 52.6 kg CO(2)-equivalents tonne(-1) recovered metal) compared to the reprocessing of the metal itself (360-1260 kg CO(2)-equivalents tonne(-1) of recovered aluminium and 400- 1020 kg CO(2)-equivalents tonne(- 1) of recovered steel).The reprocessing is however counterbalanced by large savings of avoided virgin production of steel and aluminium.

The results show that pneumatic systems have a greater impact on climate change, acidification, particulate matter and stratospheric ozone depletion due to their significant electricity consumption and the environmental impact of pipelines manufacture.

Bermuda represents the only gap in coverage.

collection point and how often the vacuum system is activated. The growth in the Euro-, pean transport sector has been 2% to 3% per year during the, last couple of years and there are reasons to, ilar for the waste sector. If the greenhouse impact of the carbon stored in the landfills and the energy savings that can be achieved by energy production are taken into consideration the greenhouse impact of Finnish waste treatment is reduced to half of the impact caused by the emissions.
However, GHG e, also related to production of equipment (trucks, bins) and, account when the waste management is analysed in a lifecycle, perspective. This paper presents and discusses the model structure, basic assumptions and results for selected freight transport services.Main Features Transport services are divided into several datasets referred to as transport components. Recyclable paper with 3000 km of transport by diesel train, ples concerning the collection and transport of residual waste, by truck (Examples 2 and 3) show that collection is significant, when the transport distances are short (< 50, also show that GHG emissions from transport are lower fo, larger trucks than for smaller trucks.

for forklifts and trucks). This situation was analysed using selected product and waste streams. /F4 14 0 R

5.

The system is characterized by its V-shaped roof guide vane (VRGV) that directs and augments airflow into the wind turbine, to enhance the rotational and power generation performance of the wind turbines in low wind speed areas. from provision and use of fuel for transfer of 1 tonne of waste. The GHG emissions can be reduced primarily by avoiding transport of waste in private cars and by optimization of long distance transport, for example, considering transport by rail and waterways. , Final Draft May 2005.

tonne( -1) of glass waste for the upstream activities and the direct emissions from the waste management system.

The modes are listed here. Residual waste: apartment blocks in city are, An integrated-pneumatic collection system serviced by a, mobile pneumatic collection truck combined with 20, transport in the collection truck emits according to the previ-, Example 2. The evaluation of the system with dimensions of 15 m (L) × 16 m (W) × 17.05 m (H) showed that the annual energy generated is 21.130 MWh. Results show that the environmental impact of pneumatic systems and underground containerization is higher than that of conventional systems.

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In closing, it is important to stress that better solid waste management programs are urgently needed in some countries. The goal of freight transport modelling is to provide background data for transport services, which occur between nearly any two process steps of a product system.

Vehicle and labor requirements 4. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. The 4 stages of waste management chain Solid waste are collected and transported by means of container and vehicles http://www.conexor.se/philippines/dilg/images_dilg/payatas/recycling_plastic.jpg Collection, transfer and transport are the costly activities in solid waste management http://www.conexor.se/philippines/dilg/images_dilg/payatas/recycling_plastic.jpg Trend in Solid Waste …

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from provision and use of fuel for transfer of 1 tonne of waste.

All life-cycle phases of vehicles, infrastructure, and fuels are accounted for in a hybrid life-cycle assessment (LCA).

The trucks emit at least twice as, much as barges. Results are presented for selected environmental exchanges related to gaseous emissions (climate change gases, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons), heavy metal (zinc and cadmium) emissions to soil and air, as well as BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), and land use. M, larger unit, usually via a bunker, floor or f, haps combined with compaction, baling or sorting. All of the. It was estimated to approximately -500 kg CO(2)-eq. The containers at the collection point will be emp-, tied or moved to a processing facility, but this is defined as, The amount of fuel used by the car depends on various, sions, two examples are considered here: T, towed by a private vehicle. The greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by decreasing the trip numbers and trip distances, building more transfer stations around the city, and making sure that the collection trucks are full in each trip. The examples provided in this paper show clearly that effi-, support this by showing that the efficiency of transport sys-. Essential GHG emission data for the most common fuels, electricity and heat are provided. (2009) reported on measured diesel consump-, . For this purpose, two public facilities of different types were selected, a library and an aquatic center. Based on this study, GHG emissions, and GWFs for six different collection schemes were calcu-, In some locales citizens bring small amounts of waste to pub-, kets and traffic points by foot, by bike or by person, activity; for example, it is combined with driving to the su, regularly by a large truck servicing several places on the same, the truck between stops and to emptying the contents of the, sumption for trucks collecting paper and glass waste, drop-off containers in a city in Denmark. The aim of this study is to quantify and compare diesel fuel consumption and estimate the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming factors associated with municipal solid waste collection of the 39, Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to recycling of metals in post-consumer waste are assessed from a waste management perspective; here the material recovery facility (MRF), for the sorting of the recovered metal. Methane emissions are second to carbon dioxide emissions the most important contributors to the anthropogenic enhancement of the greenhouse effect of the Earth. The estimated GWFs varied from 9.4 to 368 kg CO(2)-equivalent (kg CO(2)-eq.) Overall, the variations are, large as illustrated by six examples showing contr, waste.

Landfilling was used as the reference scenario.

The North American region generates the highest average amount of waste per capita, at 4.6 pounds per day.

It is important to note that the carbon payback period (CPP) of the system is five years. /Cs6 10 0 R

On the other hand, considerable changes in both emission levels and in the ranking of transport modes is observed for land occupation. The ecoinvent database is a reference work for life cycle inventory data covering the areas of energy, building materials, metals, chemicals, paper and cardboard, forestry, agriculture, detergents, transport services and waste treatment. Since a LA is vested with the responsibility of maintaining a disease-free environment for its citizens, it should ensure proper solid waste collection and transport. For instance, the NMHC-emissions of infrastructure processes account for 40%, 30% and 50% of emissions for road, rail and barge transport, respectively. Taking into account that this value is attributable in roughly a 50% to the actual collection activity, excluding the material asset contribution (see Fig.

segregation only is not taken into consideration in this paper. waste.

3 0 obj

However, the results also showed that recycling of some of the material fractions can only contribute marginally in improving the overall waste management system taking into consideration their limited content in average Danish household waste.

The GHG emission accounting included indirect upstream emissions (provision of energy, fuels and auxiliaries), direct activities at the MRF and bottle-wash facility (combustion of fuels) as well as indirect downstream activities in terms of using the recovered glass waste in other industries and, thereby, avoiding emissions from conventional production. transport in the receiving country is not accounted for. Main Features.

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